Total war is conceived as the nation in arms, unlike the warfare of the past with armies in the field and life continuing almost normally back home. Total war comes about when the object of war is to remove completely the enemy government or even to extinguish any trace of the enemy as a separate nation. The Civil War was the first of the modern total wars, and the American democracy was almost totally unready to fight it.” Certainly the living embodiment of total war is Communism. The Communists recognized that military action is only a small, and often insignificant, part of warfare. Modern strategists discovered the four aspects of warfare — diplomatic, economic, psychological, and as a last resort, military. Tariffs, subsidies, dumping, pre-emptive buying, blacklists, and blockades are economic warfare weapons. Total War is ideological warfare, because nations are fighting for ideas, or against ideas, the fine line of difference being determined, perhaps, by who initiated hostilities.