ABSTRACT
According to Woodrow Wilson, the objective of World War I had been not only to establish a League of Nations for the maintenance of world peace but also "to make the world safe for democracy". That is, political democracy should be coupled with nationalism. "Integral" is the adjective originally used by Charles Maurras at the height of the "Dreyfus Affair" in France to describe his peculiar brand of nationalism, and that of the Action française which he founded. It was nations which suffered defeat or grievous disappointment in World War I, most notably Russia, Italy, and Germany, that exemplified integral nationalism, now more usually styled "totalitarian". The perfect exemplar of integral, totalitarian nationalism was Adolf Hitler. This chapter offers some general reflections about the totalitarian and dictatorial type of nationalism which arose in Russia, Italy, and Germany after World War I and which was destined to lead to World War II.
