ABSTRACT
Totemism helped to smooth things over and to make it possible to
forget the event to which it owed its origin.1
The urban industrial landscape of the past 200 years – stereotyped by images
of L.S. Lowry’s towering chimneys billowing smoke, and the hard grind of
heavy machinery right in the centre of cities – has now largely been dis-
mantled, run down or reintegrated into the city for new purposes. This is the
inevitable response to a new domination by post-industrial goods and
services, and their accompanying symbolic and cultural contexts and frames.
Leisure industries, for instance, have become an important driver of not only
