This chapter analyses the decision-making processes that underpin Europe’s transatlantic policy in the area of counter-terrorism. It focuses on the idea that European foreign policy should be understood as a fragmented intergovernmental opportunity structure. European foreign policy thus encompasses the European Commission’s policies, the treaties, decisions, and declarations concluded and adopted by the European Council and the Council, and the individual foreign policies of the member states. The European Union (EU) foreign policies are simultaneously formulated on a second member state track that is in charge of the ‘non-normative’ policies. The key areas of investigation are the EU’s economic and political external relations, agriculture, environment, regulatory regimes, security, society and development cooperation. Compiling terrorist lists is very problematic from the perspective of those aiming at upholding the rule of law. The debate about data protection revolves around the question when and under which conditions the United States should have the right to access data on European citizens and companies.