This chapter presents the situations of Turkey and of Central Asia to identify the rivalries and differences in perspective of both sides. It analyzes the Turkic area as a region with imperial or hegemonic potential, depending on the perspective: neoconservative or neo-eurasianist. As for the neo-eurasianists, they clearly distinguish Turkey from their former Central Asian Empire. The modern approach only goes to strengthen the idea that, for the neoconservatives, it is all a question of 'rogue states' and allied states, with little consideration for public opinion in the Muslim world. The neo-eurasianists hegemonic policy takes people to look at the 'Great Game' the intellectual movements are playing and whose objectives give increasing importance to China. Kazakh eurasianism illustrates the re-appropriation of the Russian discourse by the post-Soviet Turkic elite, who distance themselves from the Russian vision by seeking 'indigenous' origins.