ABSTRACT
This chapter explains the different types of depression and the terminology used when describing clients' symptoms. In a manic phase of illness, the client's mood becomes elated. Manic episodes may result from psychological traumas. They can also occur in a client who may have recently experienced an episode of depression. The client will lie there, ruminating over illogical thoughts and anxieties. Cognitively, the client will frequently experience difficulties in their level of concentration. Conversation may be limited, and will require effective communication skills from the therapist to draw out information from the client. Clients will focus on their faults, and things that have gone wrong in their lives, and will express feelings of worthlessness. Phototherapy may prove to be ineffective as a treatment alone, and the client may require antidepressant medication. However, clients may present with differing symptoms but have the same diagnosis.
