ABSTRACT
We are surrounded in the present day and age by Internet of Things (IoT) products. It has a very diverse field of applications, which are smart and user-friendly. We do know plenty of applications; for example, it's not unusual today to see lights that can automatically turn on when sensing someone's presence, or heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) systems that can toggle when the temperature drops or reaches the desired level. Likewise, we already have devices on the market, such as smart kettles that can be triggered remotely via a smartphone, or location-aware thermostats that can switch on the heating when they notice that the resident of the home leaves the office for home. Equally, always-on voice-activated products with virtual assistants are also becoming increasingly popular. These apps provide accurate voice recognition, allowing the virtual assistant to support the user in day-to-day activities. Comparably, our cities are now becoming smart; for example, now IoT devices are being used to control parking, monitor traffic congestion, and track the movements of people, enabling the study to change the city crowd's habits. Smart sensors are used in commercial industries to monitor and maintain equipment, climate, including temperature within medical storage facilities or medical vehicles, and to track important or valuable commodities.
Now, to manage these whole sets of applications, a unified framework is required, which can bundle all the applications under one umbrella, such that dominant problems are tackled uniformly. Here, we have studied different research articles and have come up with a valid unified architecture that can incorporate all the applications. This architecture is also validated with different real-world applications. The problem that remains, even after the framework, is standardization, which is missing. Different international organizations are trying their level best to standardize it, but until now, we don't have the standard. Based on the framework described in this chapter, if standardization is implemented on different layers, then the issue of the framework uniformity can be shed light. Today's biggest issue with standardizing the IoT framework is that the IoT needs a different approach than a normal system. These problems are currently being considered with the highest priority. Most of the standards either concentrate on general issues or consider their particular topics. However, it is anticipated that the probability of full compliance in the industry is likely to be small for some time, even after the regulations are enforced. It is suggested, to encourage compliance, that governments would need to introduce compliance incentives. Practically, compliance with standards will increase trust between consumers.
