The aim of this chapter is to develop an analytical framework for analysis. Considering the question by whom, for whom and how legitimacy is constructed, the chapter reviews scholarship including from systems analysts, the Habermasian public sphere, political representation and Weberian legitimate authority. It makes the case for three basic premises of legitimate peace negotiations, namely addressing collective concerns, subjective representation and transparent communication, considering what is being addressed, who is taking part and how this is being achieved. The chapter concludes with a discussion on the normative nature of legitimacy 26and the necessity for a context-dependent approach.