ABSTRACT
The vast majority of industrial chemical reactions are performed either in the gas phase, with a solid catalyst, or in the solution phase, where the solvent fullls several functions during a chemical reaction. Solvents dissolve the reactant, which facilitates collisions that must occur in order to transform the reactants to products. The solvent also provides a means of temperature control, either to increase the energy of the colliding particles so that they will react more quickly or to absorb heat that is generated during an exothermic reaction [1]. The selection of
CONTENTS
7.1 Introduction .......................................................................................................................... 127 7.2 Biopolymer Processing Using ILs-A Brief Literature Review .......................................... 129
7.2.1 Dissolution Studies ................................................................................................... 129 7.2.2 Ionogels ..................................................................................................................... 130 7.2.3 Functionalization ...................................................................................................... 131 7.2.4 Extraction .................................................................................................................. 131 7.2.5 Composite/Nanocomposite Materials and Their Ionogels ....................................... 132
7.3 Agarose Processing in ILs .................................................................................................... 133 7.3.1 Extraction from Algae .............................................................................................. 133 7.3.2 Dissolution and Regeneration ................................................................................... 136 7.3.3 Ionogels in ILs/Mixed ILs ........................................................................................ 139 7.3.4 In Situ Functionalization and Ionogels of Modied Materials ................................. 140 7.3.5 Agarose-Chitosan Composite Materials/Ionogels ................................................... 143 7.3.6 Nanocomposite Materials/Ionogels in ILs ................................................................ 147
7.4 Conclusion ............................................................................................................................ 149 Acknowledgments .......................................................................................................................... 149 References ...................................................................................................................................... 150
the appropriate solvent is guided by theory and experience. Generally, a good solvent should meet the following criteria: (a) it should dissolve the reactants; (b) it should be inert to reaction conditions; (c) it should have an appropriate boiling point so that the solvent does not vaporize but should still be removed by distillation or vaporization; and (d) it should be easy to remove the product from the solvent.
