ABSTRACT
This chapter considers some of the problems associated with many current approaches to automation design that adopt a displacement approach, in which automated systems are considered as substituting for functions that had typically been performed by humans in system control (e.g., control theory) and human decision making (multi-attribute decision theory and dynamic programming). In contrast, we present two studies illustrating a design approach as an alternative to displacement, one in which automation is used to drive, not vehicles themselves, but instead dynamic visual representations that provide additional information to the human operator on the otherwise opaque dynamics of the vehicular systems being controlled (e.g., visualizing aircraft control safety envelopes or trade-offs associated with competing objectives when optimizing the routing of aircraft on taxiways). These dynamic visual representations are intended to highten operator engagement and to empower more effective and robust decision making and control.
