ABSTRACT
This chapter offers a historical review of interdisciplinary currents between psychology and theology. It summarizes how the term "integration" arose in relationship to psychology and theology. The chapter then survey several major models for relating psychology and theology, drawing on a typology that highlights a relational spectrum, with any particular view representing a differing form of relationality. As the term "integration" was starting to gain momentum in the 1970s among Evangelicals interested in relating psychology and theology, Carter offered a seminal article drawing on a Reformed theological perspective to outline a four-fold typology of models for relating psychology and religion. The four categories Carter offers for the relationship of theology and psychology are against approaches; of approaches; parallel models; and integration models. Theology is an inherently multidisciplinary endeavor, as it attempts to speak holistically about God and humanity. As such, theology has had a long history of philosophical engagement for addressing various spheres of human knowledge and contemporary culture.
